The evolution of ACEs: From coping behaviors to epigenetics ... - PMC

The study of reveals a critical link between early life trauma and long-term neurobiological changes that can lead to chronic illness, mental health struggles, and behavioral issues in adulthood.

Living with family members who have substance use disorders, mental illness, or history of incarceration; witnessing domestic violence; or experiencing parental separation/divorce. 2. The Neuroscience of Trauma

Trauma during sensitive developmental periods can "get under the skin" by altering the brain's architecture and the body's stress-response systems.

ACEs are traumatic events occurring before age 18, typically categorized into three main areas: Physical, emotional, or sexual. Neglect: Physical or emotional.