An electrical current is applied. Since DNA and RNA are negatively charged due to their phosphate backbone, they migrate toward the positive electrode (anode).
Small molecules move through the pores of the gel quickly, while larger molecules get tangled in the matrix and move more slowly. Over time, the molecules separate into distinct bands based on their molecular weight. Common Types Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis is the backbone of several critical scientific fields: An electrical current is applied
Used for proteins. The detergent SDS unfolds the proteins and gives them a uniform negative charge, ensuring they are separated strictly by length rather than shape. Electrophoresis