Volume II is divided into parts that address different navigation technologies and phases of flight:
: Protecting the transition from instrument flight to visual landing. Latest Updates Icao Doc 8168 Vol 2
Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS) - Aircraft Operations Volume II is divided into parts that address
: Providing design rules for the five segments of an instrument approach: arrival, initial, intermediate, final, and missed approach. , formally titled "Construction of Visual and Instrument
: Modern criteria for GPS and area navigation, including RNP (Required Navigation Performance) and Baro-VNAV.
, formally titled "Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures," is the essential technical manual for procedure design specialists. While Volume I is designed for flight crews, Volume II provides the complex mathematical criteria and obstacle clearance requirements needed to build safe, regular instrument flight operations worldwide. Core Purpose and Scope
: Specific rules for straight and turning departures, often requiring minimum climb gradients (typically 3.3%) to clear obstacles.