: An attacker starts with one NULL and keeps adding more (e.g., NULL, NULL , then NULL, NULL, NULL ).

Once an attacker knows there are 8 columns, they can replace the NULL values with commands to extract sensitive data, such as usernames, passwords, or database versions. SQL injection UNION attacks | Web Security Academy

: This represents the original input (like a product category or search term) that the application expects.

: If the number of NULL values does not match the original query's column count, the server usually returns an error (like a 500 Internal Server Error).

The primary goal of this specific syntax is to returned by the original, legitimate database query.

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