The (18 June 1757) was the first major defeat for Frederick the Great , ending his aura of invincibility and forcing him to abandon his planned march on Vienna . Fought during the Seven Years' War , the battle saw approximately 54,000 Austrian troops under Marshal Leopold von Daun decisively defeat 34,000 Prussian soldiers. Strategic Context
The victory revitalized Austrian morale and led to the creation of the Military Order of Maria Theresa to honor the achievement. Category Prussia Austria Commanders Frederick the Great Leopold von Daun Force Size Casualties ~13,700 - 14,000 ~8,000 - 8,100 Guns Kolin 1757: Frederick the Great's First Defeat
Prussia lost the strategic initiative; for much of the remaining war, Frederick was forced to react to the moves of the anti-Prussian coalition rather than dictating the conflict. The (18 June 1757) was the first major
At a critical moment, Frederick reportedly attempted to personally lead a charge, shouting at his retreating men: "Rascals, would you live forever?" . Consequences of the Defeat The battle had profound military and strategic impacts: Frederick was forced to lift the siege on
Prussian infantry, harassed by Austrian Grenzers (light infantry), turned to attack the Austrian center too early, resulting in a piecemeal frontal assault instead of the intended flanking maneuver.
Frederick was forced to lift the siege on 20 June and withdraw entirely from Bohemia back into Saxony .
After a costly victory at the in May 1757, Frederick besieged the city. However, the arrival of a relief army led by the methodical Marshal Daun forced Frederick to divide his forces to intercept the threat. Daun chose a strong defensive position on hills near Kolin , compelling Frederick to attack uphill against superior numbers. The Battle of Kolin: June 18, 1757