: Studies have found that male adolescent athletes may become sexually active earlier than non-athletes, often as an extension of traditional gender expectations surrounding masculinity.
: International organizations have criticized these policies for being "unscientific" and causing "public humiliation" for women with intersex traits. Adolescent Athletics and Sexual Activity teen sex athlete
: Athletes like Caster Semenya and Stella Walsh became central figures in debates over whether biological traits, such as high testosterone, constitute an "unfair advantage" similar to high lung capacity or hyper-flexibility. : Studies have found that male adolescent athletes
Research suggests that participation in sports influences sexual development differently across genders: such as high testosterone