: Warriors were motivated by "Gaza," or holy warfare.
Conquered the Mamluk Sultanate (Egypt, Syria, and the Holy Cities). The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650
: All land was technically owned by the Sultan, preventing the rise of independent landed nobles. Transition and Stagnation (1566–1650) : Warriors were motivated by "Gaza," or holy warfare
(r. 1512–1520) shifted focus to the Islamic heartlands: Defeated the Safavids in Persia. : Warriors were motivated by "Gaza
: Positioned near the weakening Byzantine Empire.
This era saw the Ottomans become a global superpower under legendary Sultans. The Fall of Constantinople (1453)
: Internal unrest disrupted Anatolian agriculture and security.