Ultras Now

In many regions, Ultras are powerful political actors. They have played roles in revolutions (e.g., Egypt’s Arab Spring) and often represent marginalized social groups [20, 21, 27].

"Ultras culture gives one a sense of community in a world that feels increasingly lonely and atomised." [5.1] On Ultramarathons Ultras

"Ultras aren't won in the first half… start slow. Then slow down again." [17] In many regions, Ultras are powerful political actors

Originating in Italy in the late 1960s and 70s, Ultra culture has evolved into a global movement of extreme fandom that blends passion, politics, and community [18, 22, 30]. Then slow down again

"Every time I sign up for an ultra, I look forward to the struggle... That is what drives us." [13]

Ultras reject the idea of being mere "consumers" of football. They see themselves as the soul of the club, often clashing with commercial interests and modern, "sanitized" versions of the game [5, 11].