: European monarchs met in 1815 to restore old borders, but the "genie" of revolution was already out of the bottle. 2. The Industrial Revolution: Steam and Iron (1800s)
The middle of the century is defined by the , which began in Great Britain and spread globally. vsemirnaia istoriia novorgo vremeni reshebnik 9 klassa
: A new class of workers (the proletariat) emerged, leading to the birth of labor movements and new ideologies like Marxism (the Communist Manifesto was published in 1848). 3. The "Spring of Nations" and Unification (1848–1871) : European monarchs met in 1815 to restore
By the late 19th century, industrialized powers like Britain, France, and the newly unified Germany raced to conquer territories in Africa and Asia to secure raw materials and markets. : A new class of workers (the proletariat)
The 9th-grade curriculum tells the story of how the world transitioned from traditional agricultural empires to modern industrial nations through three major forces: , Liberalism , and Imperialism . 1. The Era of Revolutions and Napoleon (1789–1815)
: A wave of uprisings known as the "Spring of Nations" swept across Europe as people demanded democratic reforms and national independence.